bn.

Mr Gates also said the foundation would draw from its endowment to give away $200 bn.

In it's submission to the UK government SeaCURE said the technology had the potential to be massively scaled up to remove 14 bn tonnes of CO2 a year if 1% of the world's seawater on the ocean's surface was processed.

Streaming subscriptions and vinyl sales shot up, with consumers spending a total of £2.4 bn over the last 12 months.

South African investor Natie Kirsh completed the top five African billionaires list with $9.22 bn.

But in 2022-23, Scotland's share of the UK total - around 90% of it - was up to £7.9 bn.