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He was a proud ��é��ܾ����ٱ� for decades, and one of 2.3 million Quebecers who voted to separate in the 1995 referendum – only to watch his side lose by less than 55,000 votes.

So unpopular is the cause of separation that PQ leader Jean-François Lisée renounced the idea of holding a referendum on the subject until a second mandate of a putative ��é��ܾ����ٱ� government.

The P.Q.'s hopes for a Trudeau setback are not entirely farfetched, since the Trudeau government's popularity zoomed after the ��é��ܾ����ٱ� victory but has now dropped back to 42%, v.

The ��é��ܾ����ٱ� solution is that non-Quebecois French Canadians would have the choice of emigrating to the new Quebec—a kind of diaspora in reverse.

Thus, by election time in 1980—for that matter, before the ��é��ܾ����ٱ� referendum—the voters may have a vigorous and attractive alternative to Lévesque.