Spemann

In 1927, Hans Spemann showed that it was possible to change the fate of cells in a salamander embryo.

In 1903, the embryologist Hans Spemann conducted his famous experiments with amphibians.

Then came the Spemann and Mangold-inspired graft.

In the early 1920s, German embryologist Hans Spemann and his graduate student Hilde Mangold were exploring how the embryos of vertebrate animals transform from a hollow ball of cells to a multilayered structure organized along an axis from future head to future tail.

In salamander embryos, Spemann and Mangold found a unique cluster of cells at one end of the streak.