viceroyalty

Casta paintings originate from the Spanish American viceroyalty of Mexico in the 18th Century.

Essentially the same racially and spiritually coded messages are sent by works made a century apart in Spain’s two viceroyalties, north and south.

In the mid-16th century, Spain colonized the Philippines and called upon Mexico, as the viceroyalty New Spain, to govern there.

“It was fun. I was back in the viceroyalty.”

He was born in the once absurdly rich silver-mining hill town of Guanajuato, scene of some of the most horrific abuses of the Spanish viceroyalty after the European conquest.